Ovarian cancer is a cancer that begins in the ovaries, which are part of a woman's reproductive system. It is often called a "silent cancer" because early symptoms are mild and easy to overlook.
Ovarian cancer usually does not cause obvious symptoms in the early stages. Common symptoms like bloating, abdominal discomfort, early fullness while eating, and fatigue are often mistaken for digestive or hormonal problems.
Doctors ask about symptoms, family history, and menstrual history. A pelvic examination may be done to feel for swelling or abnormal growths.
Ultrasound helps doctors look at the ovaries to check their size, shape, and structure. It helps identify suspicious masses but does not confirm cancer.
CA-125 is a blood marker that may be raised in ovarian cancer. However, it is not specific and can be raised in other conditions as well.
These scans help determine if cancer has spread to nearby organs, lymph nodes, or the abdomen.
The final confirmation of ovarian cancer is done through surgery and biopsy, where tissue is examined under a microscope.
Cancer is limited to one or both ovaries.
Cancer has spread to nearby pelvic organs like the uterus or fallopian tubes.
Cancer has spread outside the pelvis to the abdomen or lymph nodes.
Cancer has spread to distant organs such as the lungs or liver.
Staging helps doctors decide treatment, estimate prognosis, and plan follow-up care.
If symptoms like bloating, pelvic pain, or appetite changes last more than two to three weeks, medical advice should be sought.
Early awareness and timely medical consultation can improve outcomes. Ovarian cancer is treatable, and many women respond well to modern treatments.
